All technological notes.
Directory:
Direcotry shortcuts:
| shortcut | Desc |
|---|---|
. |
Current directory |
.. |
Parent directory |
cd - |
change to the previouse directory |
$OLDPWD |
An env var holds dir previously in. |
/: “Root”, the top of the file system hierarchy.
System related
/boot: Files needed to boot the operating system./etc: System configuration files./lib: System Libraries. 存放基本代码库/lib64: System Libraries, 64 bit./sys: Used to display and sometimes configure the devices known to the Linux kernel.Program related
/bin: Binaries and other executable programs./sbin: System administration binaries./opt: Optional or third party software./usr: User related programs.
/usr/bin: User related binaries and other executable programs./usr/sbin：超级用户使用的比较高级的管理程序和系统守护程序。/usr/lib: User related libraries./usr/local: Locally installed software that is not part of the base operating system./usr/src：内核源代码默认的放置目录。/usr/local/optProcess required
/var: Variable data, most notably log files.
/var/log: Log files/proc: Provides info about running processes./srv: Contains data which is served by the system.
/srv/www: Web server files./srv/ftp: FTP files.Account and User
/home: Home directories./root: The home directory for the root account.External file management
/dev: Device files, typically controlled by the operating system and the system administrators./media: Used to mount removable media (CD-ROMs, USBs)/mnt: Used to mount external file systems./export: Shared file systems./tmp: Temporary space, typically cleared on reboot.Security
/cgroup: Control Groups hierarchy./lost+found: Used by the file system to store recovered files after a file system check./selinux: Used to display information about SELinux.Some application are not bundle with the Linux distro, meaning that they have their own application directory structure.
e.g., install crashplan
/user/local/crashplan//usr/local/crashplan/bin: program binary file/usr/local/crashplan/etc: program configuration files/usr/local/crashplan/lib: program library files/usr/local/crashplan/log: program log filesCan use companay or organization name as prefiex
/opt/acme: acme is the company name
/opt/acme/bin/opt/acme/etc/opt/google/opt/google/chrome/opt/google/earth/opt, it can have its own dir structure.
avg
/opt/avg/bin/opt/avg/etc/opt/avg/lib/opt/avg/loge.g., exmaple of app dir structure:
/opt/myapp/bin: program binary files/opt/myapp/lib: program lib/etc/opt/myapp: configuration files/var/opt/myapp: program log/usr/local/bin/myapp: binary/usr/local/etc/myapp.conf: config/usr/local/lib/libmyspp.so: lib| Command | Desc |
|---|---|
pwd |
Print work directory |
pwd -P |
Print work directory, avoid all symlinks 显示出确实的路径 |
cd |
return to home directory |
cd dir_path |
Change directory |
ls |
List files and direcotry |
ls -alht |
List files and direcotry |
| Command | Desc |
|---|---|
mkdir dir_name |
Make directory |
mkdir -p dir_name/dir_name |
Make parent directories as needed |
mkdir -m 711 dir_name |
Make directory and set file mode |
rmdir dir_name |
Remove an empty directory |
rmdir -p dir_name/dir_name |
Remove DIRECTORY and its ancestors |
rm dir_name |
Remove file of dir |
rm -rf dir_name |
Force to remove directories and their contents recursively |
rm -i dir_name |
prompt before every removal |
cp source destination |
Copy directory |
cp -f source destination |
Force copy directory |
cp -i source destination |
Copy directory, prompt before overwrite |
cp -n source destination |
do not overwrite an existing file |
cp -r source destination |
copy directories recursively |
mv source destination |
Move/Rename file or dir |
mv -f source destination |
Force to overwrite |
mv -u source destination |
Move only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination |