Note_Tech

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Linux - Network: FTP

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• Linux - Network: FTP
  • FTP Protocol
  • Server side: Package vsftpd
    • Install Package
    • Configuration File
    • Service
  • Client Side: Package ftp
    • Install Package
    • Common Commands
  • Lab: Transfer a File
    • Install vsftpd on a Server
    • Configure FTP settings
    • Configure firewall for FTP
    • Create a User on Server(Optional)
    • Install FTP client on Client
    • Transfer File

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FTP Protocol

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
  • a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server.

• Ports:

  • 21: Used for FTP commands and control.
  • 20: Used for data transfer in Active Mode.
• Modes:
  • Active Mode: The server actively connects to the client for data transfer.
  • Passive Mode: The client establishes the data connection to the server (used to bypass firewalls).

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Server side: Package vsftpd

Install Package

# install
sudo yum install -y vsftpd
# Check if install
rpm -qa | grep vsftpd

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Configuration File

• CF path:
  • /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

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Service

sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep vsftpd
sudo systemctl status vsftpd

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Client Side: Package ftp

Install Package

# install
sudo yum install -y ftp
# Check if install
rpm -qa | grep ftp

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Common Commands

• Create connection

ftp remote_ip
# username + pwd

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• Local Client

CMD	DESC
!	Toggles back the OS. Typing exit back to the FTP command line.
lcd	Displays current directory
lcd /path/	Change direcotry

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• Remote Server

CMD	DESC
pwd	Display working directory.
cd	Changes directory.
ls / dir	Lists files
mkdir dirname	Make directory.
rmdir dirname	Removes a directory.
delete file	Deletes a file.
rename oldname newname	Renames a file.

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• Connection

CMD	DESC
status	Display status of options
ascii	Switches to ASCII mode
binary	Switches to binary transfer mode.
hash	Sets hash mark printing on or off
passive	Toggles passive mode.
trace	Toggles packet tracing.
verbose	Sets verbose on or off.
open	Opens address.
quit	Exits from FTP.

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• Transfer

CMD	DESC
put file	Send one file.
send file	Send single file.
mput file1 file2	Send multiple files.

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Lab: Transfer a File

• Server: Redhat8
• Client/Sender: Redhat8

Install vsftpd on a Server

# Login as root on the server
su -

# Confirm Internet connection
ping -c3 www.google.com

# update package
dnf upgrade -y
# install package
dnf install -y vsftpd
# verify
rpm -qa | grep vsftpd
# vsftpd-3.0.3-36.el8.x86_64

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Configure FTP settings

• Disable anonymous login
• Allow ascii upload and download
• Enable FTP banner
• Use local time

ll /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
# -rw-------. 1 root root 5039 Apr  6  2023 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# backup original cf
cp /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.bak

# configure
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
# anonymous_enable=NO
# ascii_upload_enable=YES
# ascii_download_enable=YES
# ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
# use_localtime=YES

# start service
systemctl start vsftpd
# enable service
systemctl enable vsftpd
# Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
# confirm
systemctl status vsftpd
# ● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon
#    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor pres>
#    Active: active (running) since Sat 2024-12-07 01:05:17 EST; 1min 29s ago
#  Main PID: 6765 (vsftpd)
#     Tasks: 1 (limit: 22890)
#    Memory: 772.0K
#    CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
#            └─6765 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# Dec 07 01:05:17 rhelhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...
# Dec 07 01:05:17 rhelhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon.

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Configure firewall for FTP

# Get firewall statud
firewall-cmd --state
# running

# list all rules
firewall-cmd --list-all
# ports:

# Add port 21 and 20
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=21/tcp --add-port=20/tcp
# success

# reload
firewall-cmd --reload
# success
# Confirm
firewall-cmd --list-all
# ports: 21/tcp 20/tcp

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Create a User on Server(Optional)

su -

useradd ftpuser
passwd ftpuser

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Install FTP client on Client

# act root
su -

# check Internet connetivity
ping -c3 google.com

# install package
dnf install -y ftp
# confirm
rpm -qa | grep ftp
# ftp-0.17-78.el8.x86_64

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Transfer File

• Prepare the target file to be transfered

# switch regular user
su rheladmin

# create a file to be transfered
cd ~
touch ~/tran_file
ll -tr > ~/tran_file
cat tran_file
# total 0
# drwxr-xr-x. 2 rheladmin rheladmin 6 Nov 10 12:49 Videos
# drwxr-xr-x. 2 rheladmin rheladmin 6 Nov 10 12:49 Templates
# drwxr-xr-x. 2 rheladmin rheladmin 6 Nov 10 12:49 Public
# drwxr-xr-x. 2 rheladmin rheladmin 6 Nov 10 12:49 Pictures
# drwxr-xr-x. 2 rheladmin rheladmin 6 Nov 10 12:49 Music
# drwxr-xr-x. 2 rheladmin rheladmin 6 Nov 10 12:49 Downloads
# drwxr-xr-x. 2 rheladmin rheladmin 6 Nov 10 12:49 Documents
# drwxr-xr-x. 2 rheladmin rheladmin 6 Nov 10 12:49 Desktop
# -rw-rw-r--. 1 rheladmin rheladmin 0 Dec  7 13:26 tran_file

ll -h ~/tran_file
# -rw-rw-r--. 1 rheladmin rheladmin 526 Dec  7 13:26 /home/rheladmin/tran_file

• Transfer the target file

ftp 192.168.204.153
# Connected to 192.168.204.153 (192.168.204.153).
# 220 Welcome to blah FTP service.
# Name (192.168.204.153:rheladmin): ftpuser
# 331 Please specify the password.
# Password:
# 230 Login successful.
# Remote system type is UNIX.
# Using binary mode to transfer files.
# ftp>

# use binary mode
bi
# 200 Switching to Binary mode.

# Enable the progression bar while transfer
hash
# Hash mark printing on (1024 bytes/hash mark).

# show working dir locally
lcd
# Local directory now /home/rheladmin

# Navigate remotely
pwd
# 257 "/home/ftpuser" is the current directory
ls
# 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,204,153,147,4).
# 150 Here comes the directory listing.
# 226 Directory send OK.
mkdir clientdir
# 257 "/home/ftpuser/clientdir" created
ls
# 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,204,153,238,53).
# 150 Here comes the directory listing.
# drwxr-xr-x    2 1001     1001            6 Dec 07 15:22 clientdir
# 226 Directory send OK.
cd clientdir
# 250 Directory successfully changed.
pwd
# 257 "/home/ftpuser/clientdir" is the current directory

# transfer file
put tran_file
# local: tran_file remote: tran_file
# 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,204,153,213,75).
# 150 Ok to send data.
# #
# 226 Transfer complete.
# 40 bytes sent in 0.000108 secs (370.37 Kbytes/sec)

# confirm
pwd
# 257 "/home/ftpuser/clientdir" is the current directory
ls
# 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,204,153,100,195).
# 150 Here comes the directory listing.
# -rw-r--r--    1 1001     1001           40 Dec 07 15:24 tran_file
# 226 Directory send OK.

# exit ftp session
quit
# 221 Goodbye.

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