Note_Tech

All technological notes.

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Linux - Network: Common Tools

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• Linux - Network: Common Tools
  • Test Connection
  • Query Route Path
  • Query DNS
  • Analyze Network Traffic

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Test Connection

CMD	DESC
ping -c5 target_url	Send a specific number of packets
ping -i0.5 target_url	Set interval between sending packets (default: 1a)
ping -t64 target_url	Set the Time-To-Live (TTL) value for packets
ping -s64 target_url	Specify packet size in bytes
ping -4 target_url	Force using IPv4
ping -6 target_url	Force using IPv6

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Query Route Path

• traceroute
  • sends packets with progressively increasing TTL (Time To Live) values.
  • It provides information about each hop (router or intermediary device) along the route and measures the time it takes for packets to travel to each hop.

CMD	DESC
traceroute google.com	Route packets trace to target host
traceroute -m 15 google.com	Set the maximum number of hops (default is 30)
traceroute -I google.com	Use ICMP ECHO for probes
traceroute -T google.com	Use TCP SYN packets (Trace to web servers or through firewalls)
traceroute -i ens160 google.com	Specifies the interface
traceroute -n google.com	Skipping hostname resolution for faster output.
traceroute -d google.com	Display IP of routers.

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Query DNS

• nslookup:

  • a network utility used to query DNS (Domain Name System) servers to obtain information about a domain name or IP address.
  • It helps troubleshoot DNS-related issues by retrieving details such as the IP address associated with a domain name or the domain name associated with an IP address.

• dig (Domain Information Groper):

  • a powerful DNS lookup utility that allows users to query Domain Name System (DNS) servers for information about domain names, IP addresses, and other DNS records.
  • It is commonly used for troubleshooting and verifying DNS configurations.

CMD	DESC
nslookup google.com	Find the IP Address of a Domain
nslookup 8.8.8.8	Find the Domain Name of an IP Address
nslookup youtube.com 8.8.8.8	Specify the DNS server to use for the query
dig www.youtube.com	Resolve a Domain Name to an IP Address
dig 142.251.32.78	Resolve an IP Address
dig www.youtube.com +short	Provide a terse answer
dig @8.8.8.8 www.youtube.com	Reverse via a specific DNS server
dig www.youtube.com -t A	Reverse for IPv4 IP address
dig www.youtube.com -t AAAA	Reverse for IPv6 IP address
dig www.youtube.com -t CNAME	Reverse for Canonical name record
dig www.youtube.com -t MX	Reverse for Email server host names
dig www.youtube.com -t NS	Reverse for Name (DNS) server names
dig www.youtube.com -t TXT	Reverse for Text record

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Analyze Network Traffic

• tcpdump
  • a powerful command-line network packet analyzer used to capture, filter, and analyze network traffic.
  • It is widely used for network troubleshooting, monitoring, and security analysis.

CMD	DESC
tcpdump	Capture All Traffic
tcpdump -i if_name	Capture Traffic on a Specific Interface
tcpdump -c NUM	Exit after receiving count packets.
tcpdump tcp	Capture packets for TCP
tcpdump udp	Capture packets for UDP
tcpdump icmp	Capture packets for ICMP
tcpdump port 80	Capture Traffic on a Specific Port
tcpdump host 192.168.1.170	Capture Traffic to or from a Specific Host

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