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Linux - Storage: Package Stratis
Package Stratis
-
Stratis- a local storage management solution introduced in
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)and other related distributions (likeCentOSandFedora). - simplifies the management of storage while providing advanced features such as snapshots, thin provisioning, and more.
- acts as a layer over Linux
file systemsanddevice-mapperto provide an efficient and user-friendly way to manage storage. - use
thin provisioningby default.- a storage management technique that allocates
physical storageresources on demand, rather than pre-allocating them.
- a storage management technique that allocates
- a local storage management solution introduced in
-
Benefits
- Simplicity:
- Provides a straightforward interface for complex storage tasks.
- Efficiency:
- Combines features of traditional storage management tools (e.g., LVM, RAID) without requiring extensive configuration.
- Flexibility:
- Supports dynamic resizing and thin provisioning.
- Snapshots:
- Enables quick backups and rollbacks.
- Simplicity:
-
How Stratis Works
- Stratis operates in two layers:
Storage Pool:- created from one or more block devices.
- This pool aggregates storage capacity from multiple devices.
File Systems:- created from the
storage pool. - These are the mountable units.
- created from the
- Stratis operates in two layers:
-
vs
LVM
- Layers in LVM
- device, PV, VG, LV, FS
- Layers in Stratis
- device, Pool, FS
| Feature | Stratis | LVM |
|---|---|---|
| Complexity | Simple, high-level abstraction | More complex, requires manual steps |
| Snapshots | Built-in, easy to create | Requires manual setup |
| Thin Provisioning | Automatic | Requires configuration |
| Add more space | Extend filesystem automatically | Extend manually |
| File System Choice | XFS (default) | Multiple file systems supported |
| CLI Tool | stratis |
lvcreate, vgcreate, etc. |
Common Commands
- Package
dnf install stratis-cli stratisd -y
rpm -qa | grep stratis
- Service
sudo systemctl enable --now stratisd
sudo systemctl status stratisd
- Storage Pool Commands
| CMD | DESC |
|---|---|
stratis pool list |
List Existing Pools |
stratis pool create pool_name /dev/sdb /dev/sdc |
Create a Storage Pool from block devices |
stratis pool add-data pool_name /dev/sdd |
Add a new block device to an existing pool |
stratis pool destroy pool_name |
Delete a storage pool (must first remove file systems) |
- File System Command
| CMD | DESC |
|---|---|
stratis filesystem list |
List File Systems |
stratis filesystem create pool_name fs_name |
Create a file system from a pool |
mount fs_path mount_point |
Mount the file system to a directory |
stratis filesystem snapshot pool_name fs_name snapshot_name |
Create a snapshot of a file system |
stratis filesystem destroy pool_name fs_name |
Create a snapshot of a file system |
Lab: Add and extend pool
Add New disk
- Add 2*5GB IDE
# Confirm added devices
lsblk
# NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
# sda 8:0 0 5G 0 disk
# sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
# nvme0n1 259:0 0 30G 0 disk
# ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
# └─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 29G 0 part
# ├─rhel_rhelhost-root 253:0 0 26G 0 lvm /
# └─rhel_rhelhost-swap 253:1 0 3G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Create a Stratis pool
su -
# list before creation
stratis pool list
# Name Total Physical Properties UUID
# create new pool from one device
stratis pool create pool1 /dev/sda
# confirm
stratis pool list
# Name Total Physical Properties UUID
# pool1 5 GiB / 37.63 MiB / 4.96 GiB ~Ca,~Cr 85475a82-34b3-4f61-8e0c-d496d842a280
Extend the pool
# list before extention
stratis pool list
# Name Total Physical Properties UUID
# pool1 5 GiB / 37.63 MiB / 4.96 GiB ~Ca,~Cr 85475a82-34b3-4f61-8e0c-d496d842a280
# extend pool
stratis pool add-data pool1 /dev/sdb
# confirm
stratis pool list
# Name Total Physical Properties UUID
# pool1 10 GiB / 41.63 MiB / 9.96 GiB ~Ca,~Cr 85475a82-34b3-4f61-8e0c-d496d842a280
# confirm all device
lsblk
# NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
# sda 8:0 0 5G 0 disk
# └─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-physical-originsub 253:2 0 10G 0 stratis
# ├─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-flex-thinmeta 253:3 0 16M 0 stratis
# │ └─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-thinpool-pool 253:6 0 10G 0 stratis
# ├─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-flex-thindata 253:4 0 10G 0 stratis
# │ └─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-thinpool-pool 253:6 0 10G 0 stratis
# └─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-flex-mdv 253:5 0 16M 0 stratis
# sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
# └─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-physical-originsub 253:2 0 10G 0 stratis
# ├─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-flex-thinmeta 253:3 0 16M 0 stratis
# │ └─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-thinpool-pool 253:6 0 10G 0 stratis
# ├─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-flex-thindata 253:4 0 10G 0 stratis
# │ └─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-thinpool-pool 253:6 0 10G 0 stratis
# └─stratis-1-private-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-flex-mdv 253:5 0 16M 0 stratis
# nvme0n1 259:0 0 30G 0 disk
# ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
# └─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 29G 0 part
# ├─rhel_rhelhost-root 253:0 0 26G 0 lvm /
# └─rhel_rhelhost-swap 253:1 0 3G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Lab: Create and snapshot a filesystem
Create Filesystem
# before creating fs
stratis filesystem list
# Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
# create new fs
stratis filesystem create pool1 fs1
# confirm
stratis filesystem list
# Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
# pool1 fs1 545 MiB Dec 20 2024 21:50 /dev/stratis/pool1/fs1 bbd0d5e8-9440-4192-b36d-5f50cf8258c8
Mount file system
# before mounting
df -h
# Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
# devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev
# tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm
# tmpfs 1.8G 9.6M 1.8G 1% /run
# tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
# /dev/mapper/rhel_rhelhost-root 26G 7.5G 19G 29% /
# /dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 452M 563M 45% /boot
# tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/stratisd/keyfiles
# tmpfs 364M 12K 364M 1% /run/user/42
# tmpfs 364M 4.0K 364M 1% /run/user/1001
# create mount point
mkdir /bigdata
mount /dev/stratis/pool1/fs1 /bigdata
# confirm
df -h
# Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
# devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev
# tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm
# tmpfs 1.8G 9.6M 1.8G 1% /run
# tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
# /dev/mapper/rhel_rhelhost-root 26G 7.5G 19G 29% /
# /dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 452M 563M 45% /boot
# tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/stratisd/keyfiles
# tmpfs 364M 12K 364M 1% /run/user/42
# tmpfs 364M 4.0K 364M 1% /run/user/1001
# /dev/mapper/stratis-1-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-thin-fs-bbd0d5e894404192b36d5f50cf8258c8 1.0T 7.2G 1017G 1% /bigdata
# the size above is 1.0T, which is default value in startis
# to query the actual size, use stratis filesystem list
stratis filesystem list
# Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
# pool1 fs1 545 MiB Dec 20 2024 21:50 /dev/stratis/pool1/fs1 bbd0d5e8-9440-4192-b36d-5f50cf8258c8
Persist Filesystem
- fs mounted should after the stratisd.service at boot.
vi /etc/fstab
# UUID=bbd0d5e8-9440-4192-b36d-5f50cf8258c8 /bigdata xfs defaults,x-systemd.requires=stratisd.service 0 0
# mount according to cf
mount -a
# list
df -h
# Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
# devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev
# tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm
# tmpfs 1.8G 9.6M 1.8G 1% /run
# tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
# /dev/mapper/rhel_rhelhost-root 26G 7.4G 19G 29% /
# /dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 452M 563M 45% /boot
# tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/stratisd/keyfiles
# tmpfs 364M 12K 364M 1% /run/user/42
# tmpfs 364M 4.0K 364M 1% /run/user/1001
# /dev/mapper/stratis-1-85475a8234b34f618e0cd496d842a280-thin-fs-bbd0d5e894404192b36d5f50cf8258c8 1.0T 7.2G 1017G 1% /bigdata
Create snapshot
# list before
stratis filesystem list
# Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
# pool1 fs1 545 MiB Dec 20 2024 21:50 /dev/stratis/pool1/fs1 bbd0d5e8-9440-4192-b36d-5f50cf8258c8
# take snapshot
stratis filesystem snapshot pool1 fs1 fs1-snapshot01
# confirm
stratis filesystem list
# Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
# pool1 fs1 545 MiB Dec 20 2024 21:50 /dev/stratis/pool1/fs1 bbd0d5e8-9440-4192-b36d-5f50cf8258c8
# pool1 fs1-snapshot01 545 MiB Dec 20 2024 22:11 /dev/stratis/pool1/fs1-snapshot01 9be5b26b-080d-43d8-ba85-599e65b32011