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Kubernetes - Job

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Kubernetes - Job

Job

finite workload
- a task run to completion
- doesn’t run continuously
Job
- runs its Pods immediately
  - can’t use it for scheduling tasks.
CronJob object
- allows you to schedule the task to run at a specific time in the future or at regular intervals.
can’t modify the template in a Job object after creating the object.
Job controller create
- job object
- Pod object
  - controlled by the job
  - will not get deleted when completed

Additional labels:

controller-uid:
- automatically added to the Job’s Pod template

Declarative Manifest

spec.completions field:
- default: 1
- specifies the number of Pods that must be successfully completed for this Job to be complete.
- If set only spec.parallelism, number of Pods that run one after the other.
spec.parallelism field:
- default: 1
- specifies how many of these Pods may run in parallel.
- If set only spec.parallelism, this is the number of Pods that run, but only one must complete successfully for the Job to be complete.
If parallelism > completions, the Job controller creates only as many Pods as specified in the completions field.
If parallelism < completions, the Job controller runs at most parallelism Pods in parallel but creates additional Pods when those first Pods complete.
- It keeps creating new Pods until the number of successfully completed Pods matches completions.
Example:
- completions: 5; parallelism: 2:
  - Create 2 pods at once
  - maximum 2 pods running
  - complete until total 5 pods

spec.suspend field
- specify whether the job gets suspended
- true
  - Job controller immediately deletes the Pod associated with the Job and generates an Event indicating that the Job has been suspended.
ttlSecondsAfterFinished field:
- set the TTL seconds to automatically cleanup for finished Jobs

Imperative Commands

Command	Description
`kubectl create job <name> --image=<image>`	Creates a Job from a specific image.
`kubectl create job <name> --from=cronjob/<cron-name>`	Manually triggers a Job immediately from an existing CronJob template.
`kubectl get jobs`	Lists all Jobs in the current namespace and their completion status.
`kubectl describe job <name>`	Shows detailed information, including events and why a Job might be failing.
`kubectl logs job/<name>`	Fetches logs from the Pod created by the Job (works even if the Pod has finished).
`kubectl wait --for=condition=complete job/<name>`	Pauses your terminal until the Job finishes successfully.
`kubectl delete job <name>`	Removes the Job and automatically cleans up the Pods it created.
`kubectl delete job <name> --cascade=orphan`	delete only the Job, but keep the Pods

Lab: Create a Job

# demo-job-observer.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: observer
spec:
  volumes:
    - name: local-storage
      hostPath:
        path: /tmp/data
        type: DirectoryOrCreate
  containers:
    - name: busybox
      image: busybox
      command:
        - sleep
        - infinity
      volumeMounts:
        - name: local-storage
          mountPath: /data

kubectl apply -f demo-job-observer.yaml
# pod/observer created

kubectl get pod
# NAME                   READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
# observer               1/1     Running     0          2m42s

# demo-job-write.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-write
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      volumes:
        - name: local-storage
          hostPath:
            path: /tmp/data
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
      containers:
        - name: writer
          image: busybox
          command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Demo Job writer" >> /data/hello.txt;
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data

kubectl apply -f demo-job-write.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-write created

kubectl get job -w
# NAME             STATUS               COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-write   Running              0/1                      0s
# demo-job-write   Running              0/1           0s         0s
# demo-job-write   SuccessCriteriaMet   0/1           6s         6s
# demo-job-write   Complete             1/1           6s         6s

kubectl describe job demo-job-write
# Name:             demo-job-write
# Namespace:        default
# Selector:         batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=8438f59c-d4c9-4a28-a90e-36cd80553d8a
# Labels:           batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=8438f59c-d4c9-4a28-a90e-36cd80553d8a
#                   batch.kubernetes.io/job-name=demo-job-write
#                   controller-uid=8438f59c-d4c9-4a28-a90e-36cd80553d8a
#                   job-name=demo-job-write
# Annotations:      <none>
# Parallelism:      1
# Completions:      1
# Completion Mode:  NonIndexed
# Suspend:          false
# Backoff Limit:    6
# Start Time:       Fri, 02 Jan 2026 14:46:39 -0500
# Completed At:     Fri, 02 Jan 2026 14:46:45 -0500
# Duration:         6s
# Pods Statuses:    0 Active (0 Ready) / 1 Succeeded / 0 Failed
# Pod Template:
#   Labels:  batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=8438f59c-d4c9-4a28-a90e-36cd80553d8a
#            batch.kubernetes.io/job-name=demo-job-write
#            controller-uid=8438f59c-d4c9-4a28-a90e-36cd80553d8a
#            job-name=demo-job-write
#   Containers:
#    writer:
#     Image:      busybox
#     Port:       <none>
#     Host Port:  <none>
#     Command:
#       /bin/sh
#       -c
#     Args:
#       echo "$(date) Demo Job writer";
#       echo "$(date) Demo Job writer" > /data/message.txt;

#     Environment:  <none>
#     Mounts:
#       /data from local-storage (rw)
#   Volumes:
#    local-storage:
#     Type:          HostPath (bare host directory volume)
#     Path:          /tmp/data
#     HostPathType:  DirectoryOrCreate
#   Node-Selectors:  <none>
#   Tolerations:     <none>
# Events:
#   Type    Reason            Age   From            Message
#   ----    ------            ----  ----            -------
#   Normal  SuccessfulCreate  21s   job-controller  Created pod: demo-job-write-2rt82
#   Normal  Completed         15s   job-controller  Job completed

# get log
kubectl logs job/demo-job-write --all-containers --prefix
# [pod/demo-job-write-2rt82/writer] Fri Jan  2 19:46:41 UTC 2026 Demo Job writer


kubectl get pod
# NAME                   READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
# demo-job-write-2rt82   0/1     Completed   0          59s
# observer               1/1     Running     0          21m

kubectl describe pod demo-job-write-2rt82
# Labels:           batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=8438f59c-d4c9-4a28-a90e-36cd80553d8a
#                   batch.kubernetes.io/job-name=demo-job-write
#                   controller-uid=8438f59c-d4c9-4a28-a90e-36cd80553d8a
#                   job-name=demo-job-write
# Annotations:      <none>
# Controlled By:  Job/demo-job-write

# confirm file in volume
kubectl exec -it observer -- cat /data/message.txt
# Fri Jan  2 19:46:41 UTC 2026 Demo Job writer

Deletion

kubectl delete job demo-job-write
# job.batch "demo-job-write" deleted from default namespace

kubectl get job
# No resources found in default namespace.

Lab: Create a Job with init container

# demo-job-write-init.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-write-init
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      volumes:
        - name: local-storage
          hostPath:
            path: /tmp/data
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
      initContainers:
        - name: init01
          image: busybox
          command:
            - sh
            - -c
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Init container 01 message";
              echo "$(date) Init container 02 message" > /data/message.txt;
        - name: init02
          image: busybox
          command:
            - sh
            - -c
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Init container 02 message";
              echo "$(date) Init container 03 message" > /data/message.txt;
      containers:
        - name: writer01
          image: busybox
          command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Container writer01 message";
              echo "$(date) Container writer01 message" > /data/message.txt;
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data
        - name: writer02
          image: busybox
          command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Container writer02 message";
              echo "$(date) Container writer02 message" > /data/message.txt;
              sleep 10; 
              echo "$(date) Container writer02 message";
              echo "$(date) Container writer02 message" > /data/message.txt;
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data

kubectl apply -f demo-job-write-init.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-write-init created

kubectl get job -w
# NAME                  STATUS                COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-write-init   Running               0/1                      0s
# demo-job-write-init   Running               0/1           0s         0s
# demo-job-write-init   Running               0/1           27s        27s
# demo-job-write-init   Running               0/1           31s        31s
# demo-job-write-init   SuccessCriteriaMet    0/1           39s        39s
# demo-job-write-init   Complete              1/1           39s        39s

kubectl get pod -w
# NAME                          READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
# observer                      1/1     Running             0          45m
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     Init:0/2            0          0s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     Init:0/2            0          2s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     Init:1/2            0          8s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     Init:1/2            0          11s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     PodInitializing     0          23s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     2/2     Running             0          26s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     1/2     NotReady            0          30s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     Completed           0          36s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-write-init-mhlpz     0/2     Completed           0          39s

# confirm
kubectl exec -it observer -- cat /data/message.txt
# Fri Jan  2 20:15:54 UTC 2026 Init container 02 message
# Fri Jan  2 20:16:01 UTC 2026 Init container 03 message
# Fri Jan  2 20:16:13 UTC 2026 Container writer01 message
# Fri Jan  2 20:16:14 UTC 2026 Container writer02 message
# Fri Jan  2 20:16:18 UTC 2026 Container writer01 message
# Fri Jan  2 20:16:28 UTC 2026 Container writer02 message

# check log
kubectl logs job/demo-job-write-init --all-containers --prefix
# [pod/demo-job-write-init-vt54v/init01] Fri Jan  2 20:15:54 UTC 2026 Init container 01 message
# [pod/demo-job-write-init-vt54v/init02] Fri Jan  2 20:16:01 UTC 2026 Init container 02 message
# [pod/demo-job-write-init-vt54v/writer01] Fri Jan  2 20:16:13 UTC 2026 Container writer01 message
# [pod/demo-job-write-init-vt54v/writer01] Fri Jan  2 20:16:18 UTC 2026 Container writer01 message
# [pod/demo-job-write-init-vt54v/writer02] Fri Jan  2 20:16:14 UTC 2026 Container writer02 message
# [pod/demo-job-write-init-vt54v/writer02] Fri Jan  2 20:16:28 UTC 2026 Container writer02 message

Lab: Create a suspended job

# demo-job-suspend.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-suspend
spec:
  suspend: true
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      containers:
        - name: busybox
          image: busybox
          command:
            - sleep
            - "60"

kubectl apply -f demo-job-suspend.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-suspend created

kubectl get job
# NAME               STATUS      COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-suspend   Suspended   0/1                      4m41s

kubectl describe job demo-job-suspend
# Events:
#   Type    Reason     Age   From            Message
#   ----    ------     ----  ----            -------
#   Normal  Suspended  54s   job-controller  Job suspended

# run job
kubectl patch job demo-job-suspend -p '{"spec":{"suspend": false}}'
# job.batch/demo-job-suspend patched

# confirm running
kubectl get job job demo-job-suspend
# NAME               STATUS      COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-suspend   Running     0/1           30s        9m53s

# suspend
kubectl patch job demo-job-suspend -p '{"spec":{"suspend": true}}'
# job.batch/demo-job-suspend patched

# confirm suspend
kubectl get job job demo-job-suspend
# NAME               STATUS      COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-suspend   Suspended   0/1           30s        9m53s

# resume
kubectl patch job demo-job-suspend -p '{"spec":{"suspend": false}}'
# job.batch/demo-job-suspend patched

# confirm
kubectl get job
# NAME               STATUS     COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-suspend   Complete   1/1           3m59s      14m

Lab: Job with Completion

# demo-job-completion.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-completion
spec:
  completions: 5 # # of pod must complete
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      volumes:
        - name: local-storage
          hostPath:
            path: /tmp/data
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
      initContainers:
        - name: init
          image: busybox
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data
          command:
            - "/bin/sh"
            - "-c"
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Init container message";
              echo "$(date) Init container message" >> /data/message.txt;
              sleep 10;
      containers:
        - name: writer
          image: busybox
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data
          command:
            - "/bin/sh"
            - "-c"
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Container message";
              echo "$(date) Container message" >> /data/message.txt;
              sleep 30;

kubectl apply -f demo-job-completion.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-completion created

# confirm completion = 5
kubectl get job -w
# NAME                  STATUS    COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-completion   Running   0/5                      0s
# demo-job-completion   Running   0/5           0s         0s
# demo-job-completion   Running   0/5           19s        19s
# demo-job-completion   Running   0/5           53s        53s
# demo-job-completion   Running   0/5           54s        54s
# demo-job-completion   Running   1/5           54s        54s
# demo-job-completion   Running   1/5           71s        71s
# demo-job-completion   Running   1/5           104s       104s
# demo-job-completion   Running   1/5           105s       105s
# demo-job-completion   Running   2/5           105s       105s
# demo-job-completion   Running   2/5           2m3s       2m3s
# demo-job-completion   Running   2/5           2m37s      2m37s
# demo-job-completion   Running   2/5           2m38s      2m38s
# demo-job-completion   Running   3/5           2m38s      2m38s
# demo-job-completion   Running   3/5           2m54s      2m54s
# demo-job-completion   Running   3/5           3m27s      3m27s
# demo-job-completion   Running   3/5           3m28s      3m28s
# demo-job-completion   Running   4/5           3m28s      3m28s
# demo-job-completion   Running   4/5           3m46s      3m46s
# demo-job-completion   Running   4/5           4m20s      4m20s
# demo-job-completion   SuccessCriteriaMet   4/5           4m21s      4m21s
# demo-job-completion   Complete             5/5           4m21s      4m21s


kubectl get pod -w
# NAME                          READY       STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
# observer                      1/1         Running             0          6h4m
# demo-job-completion-xpmdt     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-xpmdt     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-xpmdt     0/1         Init:0/1            0          0s
# demo-job-completion-xpmdt     0/1         Init:0/1            0          4s
# demo-job-completion-xpmdt     0/1         PodInitializing     0          17s
# demo-job-completion-xpmdt     1/1         Running             0          18s
# demo-job-completion-xpmdt     0/1         Completed           0          52s
# demo-job-completion-xpmdt     0/1         Completed           0          54s
# demo-job-completion-vg4wh     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-vg4wh     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-xpmdt     0/1         Completed           0          54s
# demo-job-completion-vg4wh     0/1         Init:0/1            0          0s
# demo-job-completion-vg4wh     0/1         Init:0/1            0          3s
# demo-job-completion-vg4wh     0/1         PodInitializing     0          13s
# demo-job-completion-vg4wh     1/1         Running             0          15s
# demo-job-completion-vg4wh     0/1         Completed           0          49s
# demo-job-completion-vg4wh     0/1         Completed           0          50s
# demo-job-completion-56jpl     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-56jpl     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-vg4wh     0/1         Completed           0          51s
# demo-job-completion-56jpl     0/1         Init:0/1            0          0s
# demo-job-completion-56jpl     0/1         Init:0/1            0          2s
# demo-job-completion-56jpl     0/1         PodInitializing     0          16s
# demo-job-completion-56jpl     1/1         Running             0          17s
# demo-job-completion-56jpl     0/1         Completed           0          51s
# demo-job-completion-56jpl     0/1         Completed           0          53s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-56jpl     0/1         Completed           0          53s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     0/1         Init:0/1            0          0s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     0/1         Init:0/1            0          3s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     0/1         PodInitializing     0          12s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     1/1         Running             0          15s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     1/1         Running             0          15s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     0/1         Completed           0          48s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     0/1         Completed           0          50s
# demo-job-completion-7j8qj     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-7j8qj     0/1         Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-wc4nc     0/1         Completed           0          50s
# demo-job-completion-7j8qj     0/1         Init:0/1            0          0s
# demo-job-completion-7j8qj     0/1         Init:0/1            0          3s
# demo-job-completion-7j8qj     0/1         PodInitializing     0          16s
# demo-job-completion-7j8qj     1/1         Running             0          17s
# demo-job-completion-7j8qj     0/1         Completed           0          51s
# demo-job-completion-7j8qj     0/1         Completed           0          52s
# demo-job-completion-7j8qj     0/1         Completed           0          53s

# confirm in message file: 5 message
kubectl exec -it observer -- cat /data/message.txt
# Sat Jan  3 01:46:29 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:46:44 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:47:22 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:47:34 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:48:12 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:48:27 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:49:05 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:49:17 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:49:55 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:50:11 UTC 2026 Container message

Lab: Job with parallelism

# demo-job-parallelism.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-parallelism
spec:
  parallelism: 5 # # of parallelism
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      volumes:
        - name: local-storage
          hostPath:
            path: /tmp/data
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
      initContainers:
        - name: init
          image: busybox
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data
          command:
            - "/bin/sh"
            - "-c"
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Init container message";
              echo "$(date) Init container message" >> /data/message.txt;
              sleep 10;
      containers:
        - name: writer
          image: busybox
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data
          command:
            - "/bin/sh"
            - "-c"
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Container message";
              echo "$(date) Container message" >> /data/message.txt;
              sleep 30;

kubectl apply -f demo-job-parallelism.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-parallelism created

# confirm: total 5
kubectl get job -w
# NAME                   STATUS    COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   0/1 of 5                 0s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   0/1 of 5      1s         1s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   0/1 of 5      19s        19s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   0/1 of 5      20s        20s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   0/1 of 5      22s        22s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   0/1 of 5      23s        23s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   0/1 of 5      53s        53s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   0/1 of 5      54s        54s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   1/1 of 5      54s        54s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   1/1 of 5      55s        55s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   2/1 of 5      55s        55s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   2/1 of 5      56s        56s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   2/1 of 5      57s        57s
# demo-job-parallelism   Running   3/1 of 5      57s        57s
# demo-job-parallelism   SuccessCriteriaMet   3/1 of 5      58s        58s
# demo-job-parallelism   Complete             5/1 of 5      58s        58s


kubectl get pod -w
# NAME       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
# observer   1/1     Running   0          6h34m
# demo-job-parallelism-9hcqc   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-t4dml   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-9hcqc   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-7rv6d   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-2pd5l   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-qvwgb   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-t4dml   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-7rv6d   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-qvwgb   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-2pd5l   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-parallelism-9hcqc   0/1     Init:0/1   0          1s
# demo-job-parallelism-7rv6d   0/1     Init:0/1   0          1s
# demo-job-parallelism-t4dml   0/1     Init:0/1   0          1s
# demo-job-parallelism-qvwgb   0/1     Init:0/1   0          1s
# demo-job-parallelism-2pd5l   0/1     Init:0/1   0          1s
# demo-job-parallelism-9hcqc   0/1     Init:0/1   0          3s
# demo-job-parallelism-7rv6d   0/1     Init:0/1   0          4s
# demo-job-parallelism-t4dml   0/1     Init:0/1   0          4s
# demo-job-parallelism-qvwgb   0/1     Init:0/1   0          6s
# demo-job-parallelism-2pd5l   0/1     Init:0/1   0          6s
# demo-job-parallelism-9hcqc   0/1     PodInitializing   0          17s
# demo-job-parallelism-7rv6d   0/1     PodInitializing   0          18s
# demo-job-parallelism-9hcqc   1/1     Running           0          18s
# demo-job-parallelism-qvwgb   0/1     PodInitializing   0          18s
# demo-job-parallelism-t4dml   0/1     PodInitializing   0          18s
# demo-job-parallelism-2pd5l   0/1     PodInitializing   0          20s
# demo-job-parallelism-7rv6d   1/1     Running           0          20s
# demo-job-parallelism-qvwgb   1/1     Running           0          21s
# demo-job-parallelism-t4dml   1/1     Running           0          22s
# demo-job-parallelism-2pd5l   1/1     Running           0          23s
# demo-job-parallelism-9hcqc   0/1     Completed         0          52s
# demo-job-parallelism-7rv6d   0/1     Completed         0          53s
# demo-job-parallelism-9hcqc   0/1     Completed         0          53s
# demo-job-parallelism-9hcqc   0/1     Completed         0          54s
# demo-job-parallelism-qvwgb   0/1     Completed         0          54s
# demo-job-parallelism-7rv6d   0/1     Completed         0          54s
# demo-job-parallelism-7rv6d   0/1     Completed         0          55s
# demo-job-parallelism-t4dml   0/1     Completed         0          55s
# demo-job-parallelism-2pd5l   0/1     Completed         0          56s
# demo-job-parallelism-qvwgb   0/1     Completed         0          56s
# demo-job-parallelism-qvwgb   0/1     Completed         0          57s
# demo-job-parallelism-t4dml   0/1     Completed         0          57s
# demo-job-parallelism-2pd5l   0/1     Completed         0          57s
# demo-job-parallelism-2pd5l   0/1     Completed         0          58s
# demo-job-parallelism-t4dml   0/1     Completed         0          58s

# confirm 5 parallel
kubectl exec -it observer -- cat /data/message.txt
# Sat Jan  3 01:56:03 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 01:56:19 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:00:54 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:00:54 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:00:55 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:00:55 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:00:56 UTC 2026 Init container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:01:09 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:01:10 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:01:11 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:01:12 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:01:12 UTC 2026 Container message

Lab: Job with Completion > parallelism

# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism
spec:
  completions: 5 # completion > parallelism
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      volumes:
        - name: local-storage
          hostPath:
            path: /tmp/data
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
      containers:
        - name: writer
          image: busybox
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data
          command:
            - "/bin/sh"
            - "-c"
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Container message";
              echo "$(date) Container message" >> /data/message.txt;
              sleep 30;

kubectl apply -f demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism created

kubectl get job -w
# NAME                                 STATUS    COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   0/5                      0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   0/5           0s         0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   0/5           4s         4s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   0/5           37s        37s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   0/5           38s        38s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   2/5           38s        38s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   2/5           42s        42s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   2/5           75s        75s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   2/5           77s        77s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   4/5           77s        77s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   4/5           83s        83s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Running   4/5           116s       116s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   SuccessCriteriaMet   4/5           117s       117s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism   Complete             5/5           117s       118s

# confirm max 2 parallel
kubectl get pod -w
# NAME       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
# observer   1/1     Running   0          6h42m
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-cc7fr   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-w9dg6   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-cc7fr   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-w9dg6   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-cc7fr   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-w9dg6   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-cc7fr   1/1     Running             0          3s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-w9dg6   1/1     Running             0          3s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-cc7fr   0/1     Completed           0          36s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-w9dg6   0/1     Completed           0          37s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-w9dg6   0/1     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-cc7fr   0/1     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-4rpng   0/1     Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-z2vkj   0/1     Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-4rpng   0/1     Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-z2vkj   0/1     Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-4rpng   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-cc7fr   0/1     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-w9dg6   0/1     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-z2vkj   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-4rpng   1/1     Running             0          3s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-z2vkj   1/1     Running             0          3s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-4rpng   0/1     Completed           0          36s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-z2vkj   0/1     Completed           0          36s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-z2vkj   0/1     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-4rpng   0/1     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-vp42k   0/1     Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-vp42k   0/1     Pending             0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-4rpng   0/1     Completed           0          39s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-z2vkj   0/1     Completed           0          39s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-vp42k   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-vp42k   1/1     Running             0          5s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-vp42k   0/1     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-vp42k   0/1     Completed           0          40s
# demo-job-completion-lg-parallelism-vp42k   0/1     Completed           0          40s

# confirm max 2 parallel
kubectl exec -it observer -- cat /data/message.txt
# Sat Jan  3 02:08:43 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:08:43 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:09:21 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:09:21 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:10:02 UTC 2026 Container message

Lab: Job with Completion < parallelism

# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism
spec:
  completions: 2 # completion < parallelism
  parallelism: 5
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      volumes:
        - name: local-storage
          hostPath:
            path: /tmp/data
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
      containers:
        - name: writer
          image: busybox
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data
          command:
            - "/bin/sh"
            - "-c"
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Container message";
              echo "$(date) Container message" >> /data/message.txt;
              sleep 30;

kubectl apply -f demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism created

# confirm: completion =2
kubectl get job -w
# NAME                                 STATUS    COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism   Running   0/2                      0s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism   Running   0/2           0s         0s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism   Running   0/2           4s         4s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism   Running   0/2           5s         5s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism   Running   0/2           37s        37s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism   Running   0/2           38s        38s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism   Running   1/2           38s        38s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism   SuccessCriteriaMet   1/2           39s        39s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism   Complete             2/2           39s        39s

# confirm: completion =2 in parallel
kubectl get pod -w
# NAME       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
# observer   1/1     Running   0          6h51m
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-ch9m9   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-qn7lt   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-ch9m9   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-qn7lt   0/1     Pending   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-ch9m9   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-qn7lt   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-qn7lt   1/1     Running             0          3s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-ch9m9   1/1     Running             0          4s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-qn7lt   0/1     Completed           0          36s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-ch9m9   0/1     Completed           0          37s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-qn7lt   0/1     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-qn7lt   0/1     Completed           0          38s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-ch9m9   0/1     Completed           0          39s
# demo-job-completion-lt-parallelism-ch9m9   0/1     Completed           0          39s

# confirm completion =2
kubectl exec -it observer -- cat /data/message.txt
# Sat Jan  3 02:18:00 UTC 2026 Container message
# Sat Jan  3 02:18:01 UTC 2026 Container message

Handling Job failure

Restart Policy

template.spec.restartPolicy field:
- required
- determines whether the failure is handled at the Pod level by the Kubelet or at the Job level by the Job controller.
- OnFailure:
  - Handling failures at the Pod level
  - the failed container is restarted within the same Pod.
    - the container terminates with a non-zero exit code.
    - The Kubelet notices the failure and restarts the container.
    - The new container runs in the same Pod on the same Node and therefore allows for a quick turnaround.
    - Kubelete adds a delay after each crash and doubles it after each restart.
- Never:
  - the entire Pod is marked as failed and the Job controller creates a new Pod.

Control Always Failure job

spec.backoffLimit field
- control the limit of backoff
- default: 6; max 6 retries
spec.activeDeadlineSeconds field
- default, the time isn’t limited

Lab: Control Always Failure Job - backoffLimit

# demo-job-fails-default-limit.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-fails-default-limit
spec:
  completions: 10
  parallelism: 3
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: OnFailure # pod level
      containers:
        - name: busybox
          image: busybox
          command:
            - "false"

kubectl apply -f demo-job-fails-default-limit.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-fails-default-limit created

kubectl get job
# NAME                           STATUS   COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-fails-default-limit   Failed   0/10          2m23s      2m23s

# confirm default limit=6
kubectl describe job demo-job-fails-default-limit
# Backoff Limit:    6
#   Type     Reason                Age    From            Message
#   ----     ------                ----   ----            -------
#   Normal   SuccessfulCreate      2m51s  job-controller  Created pod: demo-job-fails-default-limit-dgddj
#   Normal   SuccessfulCreate      2m51s  job-controller  Created pod: demo-job-fails-default-limit-x2xgt
#   Normal   SuccessfulCreate      2m51s  job-controller  Created pod: demo-job-fails-default-limit-sh7bv
#   Normal   SuccessfulDelete      2m23s  job-controller  Deleted pod: demo-job-fails-default-limit-sh7bv
#   Normal   SuccessfulDelete      2m23s  job-controller  Deleted pod: demo-job-fails-default-limit-dgddj
#   Normal   SuccessfulDelete      2m23s  job-controller  Deleted pod: demo-job-fails-default-limit-x2xgt
#   Warning  BackoffLimitExceeded  2m22s  job-controller  Job has reached the specified backoff limit

Lab: Control Always Failure Job - activeDeadlineSeconds

# demo-job-fail-deadline.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-fail-deadline
spec:
  completions: 2
  parallelism: 1
  activeDeadlineSeconds: 90 # deadline 90s
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      containers:
        - name: demo-suspend
          image: busybox
          command:
            - sleep
            - "60"

kubectl apply -f demo-job-fail-deadline.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-fail-deadline created

kubectl get job
# NAME                     STATUS   COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-fail-deadline   Failed   1/2           4m41s      4m41s

kubectl describe job demo-job-fail-deadline
# Active Deadline Seconds:  90s
# Events:
#   Type     Reason            Age    From            Message
#   ----     ------            ----   ----            -------
#   Normal   SuccessfulCreate  5m11s  job-controller  Created pod: demo-job-fail-deadline-qdhxq
#   Normal   SuccessfulCreate  3m59s  job-controller  Created pod: demo-job-fail-deadline-zt2b7
#   Normal   SuccessfulDelete  3m41s  job-controller  Deleted pod: demo-job-fail-deadline-zt2b7
#   Warning  DeadlineExceeded  3m7s   job-controller  Job was active longer than specified deadline

Parameterizing Pods

completionMode field
- NonIndexed:
  - default
  - All Pods are equal to each other.
  - Completion: number of successfully completed Pods == spec.completions
- Indexed
  - Each Pod is given a completion index (starting at 0) to distinguish the Pods from each other.
  - each Pod to perform only a portion of the entire task
  - Completion: there is one successfully completed Pod for each index.
    - If a Pod with a particular index fails, the Job controller creates a new Pod with the same index.
  - completion index assigned to each Pod:
    - annotation batch.kubernetes.io/job-completion-index
    - environment variable JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX
  - With completions field
    - completions field determines number of Pods to be created
Use Case: indexed job to process files

Lab: Indexed Job - `JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX` environment variable

# demo-job-indexed.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-indexed
spec:
  completions: 12
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed # Indexed completionMode
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      volumes:
        - name: local-storage
          hostPath:
            path: /tmp/data
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
      containers:
        - name: busybox
          image: busybox
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data
          command:
            - "sh"
            - "-c"
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Container Index: $JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX" >> /data/message.txt

kubectl apply -f demo-job-indexed.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-indexed created

kubectl get job -w
# NAME               STATUS    COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-indexed   Running   0/12                     0s
# demo-job-indexed   Running   0/12          0s         0s
# demo-job-indexed   Running   2/12          5s         5s
# demo-job-indexed   Running   3/12          6s         6s
# demo-job-indexed   Running   5/12          10s        10s
# demo-job-indexed   Running   6/12          11s        11s
# demo-job-indexed   Running   7/12          16s        16s
# demo-job-indexed   Running   9/12          17s        17s
# demo-job-indexed   Running   11/12         22s        22s
# demo-job-indexed   SuccessCriteriaMet   12/12         26s        26s
# demo-job-indexed   Complete             12/12         26s        26s

kubectl exec -it observer -- cat /data/message.txt
# Sat Jan  3 04:37:58 UTC 2026 Container Index: 1
# Sat Jan  3 04:37:59 UTC 2026 Container Index: 2
# Sat Jan  3 04:37:59 UTC 2026 Container Index: 0
# Sat Jan  3 04:38:03 UTC 2026 Container Index: 3
# Sat Jan  3 04:38:03 UTC 2026 Container Index: 4
# Sat Jan  3 04:38:04 UTC 2026 Container Index: 5
# Sat Jan  3 04:38:09 UTC 2026 Container Index: 7
# Sat Jan  3 04:38:09 UTC 2026 Container Index: 6
# Sat Jan  3 04:38:10 UTC 2026 Container Index: 8
# Sat Jan  3 04:38:14 UTC 2026 Container Index: 9
# Sat Jan  3 04:38:15 UTC 2026 Container Index: 10
# Sat Jan  3 04:38:16 UTC 2026 Container Index: 11

Lab: job-completion-index annotation

# demo-job-indexed-annotation.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-indexed
spec:
  completions: 12
  parallelism: 1
  completionMode: Indexed # Indexed completionMode
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      volumes:
        - name: local-storage
          hostPath:
            path: /tmp/data
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
      containers:
        - name: busybox
          image: busybox
          volumeMounts:
            - name: local-storage
              mountPath: /data
          env:
            - name: INDEX
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.annotations['batch.kubernetes.io/job-completion-index'] # get value from annotation
          command:
            - "sh"
            - "-c"
          args:
            - |
              echo "$(date) Container Index: $INDEX" >> /data/message.txt

kubectl apply -f demo-job-indexed-annotation.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-indexed created

kubectl get job -w
# NAME               STATUS               COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-indexed   Running              0/12          0s         0s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              1/12          5s         5s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              2/12          10s        10s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              3/12          14s        14s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              4/12          20s        20s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              5/12          25s        25s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              6/12          33s        33s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              7/12          38s        38s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              8/12          43s        43s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              9/12          48s        48s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              10/12         53s        53s
# demo-job-indexed   Running              11/12         61s        61s
# demo-job-indexed   SuccessCriteriaMet   12/12         68s        68s
# demo-job-indexed   Complete             12/12         68s        68s

kubectl get pod
# NAME                        READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
# demo-job-indexed-0-p4564    0/1     Completed   0          3m10s
# demo-job-indexed-1-wzbbk    0/1     Completed   0          3m5s
# demo-job-indexed-10-8qn7r   0/1     Completed   0          2m17s
# demo-job-indexed-11-zxmp6   0/1     Completed   0          2m9s
# demo-job-indexed-2-dmdvx    0/1     Completed   0          3m
# demo-job-indexed-3-58pss    0/1     Completed   0          2m56s
# demo-job-indexed-4-ghvpl    0/1     Completed   0          2m50s
# demo-job-indexed-5-ph9p5    0/1     Completed   0          2m45s
# demo-job-indexed-6-46jmj    0/1     Completed   0          2m37s
# demo-job-indexed-7-2hkcp    0/1     Completed   0          2m32s
# demo-job-indexed-8-vbgd4    0/1     Completed   0          2m27s
# demo-job-indexed-9-v6nhd    0/1     Completed   0          2m22s

kubectl exec -it observer -- cat /data/message.txt
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:07 UTC 2026 Container Index: 0
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:11 UTC 2026 Container Index: 1
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:17 UTC 2026 Container Index: 2
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:22 UTC 2026 Container Index: 3
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:27 UTC 2026 Container Index: 4
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:32 UTC 2026 Container Index: 5
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:40 UTC 2026 Container Index: 6
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:44 UTC 2026 Container Index: 7
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:49 UTC 2026 Container Index: 8
# Sat Jan  3 04:50:54 UTC 2026 Container Index: 9
# Sat Jan  3 04:51:01 UTC 2026 Container Index: 10
# Sat Jan  3 04:51:10 UTC 2026 Container Index: 11

Work Queue

work queue
- used to distribute tasks among multiple worker pods asynchronously
- used to assign workload dynamically
two ways to process a work queue:
- coarse
- fine

coarse

fine

Communication between Job Pods

By Default,
- Pods running in a Job run independently
enable communication between Job Pods
- Set the completionMode of the Job to Indexed
- Create a headless Service.
- Configure this Service as a subdomain in the Pod template.
Connection via svc dns
- JOB_NAME-INDEX.SVC_NAME.NAMESPACE.CLUSTER_DOMAIN

Lab: Job Pod Communication

# demo-job-comm-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: demo-job-comm-svc
spec:
  clusterIP: None # headless svc
  selector:
    job-name: demo-job-comm # use the job-name label
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80

# demo-job-comm.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: demo-job-comm
spec:
  completionMode: Indexed # enable communication
  completions: 2
  parallelism: 2 # 2 pods exists at a time
  template:
    spec:
      subdomain: demo-job-comm-svc # specify svc
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
        - name: busybox
          image: busybox
          command:
            - sleep
            - "600"

# create service
kubectl apply -f demo-job-comm-svc.yaml
# service/demo-job-comm-svc created

kubectl get svc
# NAME                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
# demo-job-comm-svc   ClusterIP   None         <none>        80/TCP    13s

# create job
kubectl apply -f demo-job-comm.yaml
# job.batch/demo-job-comm created

kubectl get job
# NAME               STATUS     COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
# demo-job-comm      Running    0/2           13s        13s

kubectl get pod
# NAME                        READY   STATUS      RESTARTS        AGE
# demo-job-comm-0-rnqtn       1/1     Running     0               51s
# demo-job-comm-1-b4rw9       1/1     Running     0               51s

# Display the FQDN
kubectl exec -it demo-job-comm-0-rnqtn -- hostname -f
# demo-job-comm-0.demo-job-comm-svc.default.svc.cluster.local

# Confirm connection from pod 2 to pod 1
kubectl exec -it demo-job-comm-1-b4rw9 --  ping -c5 demo-job-comm-0.demo-job-comm-svc.default.svc.cluster.local
# PING demo-job-comm-0.demo-job-comm-svc.default.svc.cluster.local (10.1.4.184): 56 data bytes
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.184: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.184: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.184: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.184: seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.066 ms
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.184: seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms

# --- demo-job-comm-0.demo-job-comm-svc.default.svc.cluster.local ping statistics ---
# 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
# round-trip min/avg/max = 0.056/0.071/0.094 ms

kubectl exec -it demo-job-comm-1-b4rw9 --  ping -c5 demo-job-comm-0.demo-job-comm-svc
# PING demo-job-comm-0.demo-job-comm-svc (10.1.4.186): 56 data bytes
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.186: seq=0 ttl=64 time=1.258 ms
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.186: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.120 ms
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.186: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.212 ms
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.186: seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.087 ms
# 64 bytes from 10.1.4.186: seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.081 ms

# --- demo-job-comm-0.demo-job-comm-svc ping statistics ---
# 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
# round-trip min/avg/max = 0.081/0.351/1.258 ms

Note_Tech

Kubernetes - Job

Job

Additional labels:

Declarative Manifest

Imperative Commands

Lab: Create a Job

Lab: Create a Job with init container

Lab: Create a suspended job

Lab: Job with Completion

Lab: Job with parallelism

Lab: Job with Completion > parallelism

Lab: Job with Completion < parallelism

Handling Job failure

Restart Policy

Control Always Failure job

Lab: Control Always Failure Job - backoffLimit

Lab: Control Always Failure Job - activeDeadlineSeconds

Parameterizing Pods

Lab: Indexed Job - JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX environment variable

Lab: job-completion-index annotation

Work Queue

Communication between Job Pods

Lab: Job Pod Communication

Lab: Indexed Job - `JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX` environment variable